Defence minister
AK Antony, on a visit to Siachen, presents sweets to Indian
soldiers
by Ajai Shukla
Business Standard, 28th Aug 2012
For the first time ever, the government
has announced the number of Indian soldiers who have laid down their lives in
the Siachen sector, ever since the Indian Army made its first headlong rush to
secure that strategic area in the summer of 1984.
Defence Minister AK Antony, in a written
reply to a question in the Lok Sabha today stated, “A total number of 846 Armed
forces personnel have made supreme sacrifices on the Siachen glaciers since
1984.”
This includes deaths due to the extreme
climate and terrain conditions, which causes more casualties in that sector than
battle does. Hypoxia, high altitude pulmonary edema (or “altitude sickness” in
mountaineering lexicon), avalanches and crevasses have taken a heavy toll of
Indian lives. Early in this high-altitude war, New Delhi decided not to
differentiate between those who died in combat and those who were, say, swept to
their deaths in an avalanche.
“(Environment-related) death during the
course of duties on Siachen glaciers is treated as 'battle casualties' and
enhanced compensation is paid to the next of the kin,” Antony told the Lok Sabha
today.
“Operation Meghdoot”, the military nickname
for operations in Siachen, began on 13th April 1984, when Indian Air Force (IAF)
helicopters airlifted a platoon of hardy hillmen from the Kumaon Regiment onto
the Saltoro Ridge, which overlooks the Siachen Glacier from the west. Building
up quickly, more Indian troops moved onto the three main passes on the Saltoro
Ridge --- Bilafond La; Sia La; and Gyong La.
According to Lt Gen (Retd) VR Raghavan, a
respected Indian authority on Siachen, the Pakistan Army had planned a similar
operation to occupy the Saltoro Ridge that summer. But they arrived on the
Saltoro a month after the Indians, only to find most of the key heights on the
ridge already occupied.
For years, Pakistan has mounted bloody,
but eventually fruitless, attacks to get atop the Saltoro Ridge. But the Indian
army still controls all of Siachen, all its tributary glaciers, and all the key
passes and heights of the Saltoro Ridge. Shut out even from a view of the
Siachen Glacier, Pakistani troops suffer a severe tactical disadvantage all
along the 109-kilometer-long Actual Ground Position Line, as the frontline in
that sector is called.
Forced to fight uphill, Pakistan is
believed to have suffered the lion’s share of battle casualties on the Saltoro.
Indian troops, who hold higher positions with more difficult access, were
estimated to have initially suffered more environment-related deaths, before
better equipment, procedures and training brought casualties down to a trickle
since the mid-1990s. But on 7th April, an avalanche that slammed into
a Pakistani headquarters at Gyari swept away more than 130 soldiers. The next
day, Pakistan’s President Zardari asked Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to
cooperate in demilitarising Siachen.
New Delhi, however, is sticking to its
demand for authentication of ground positions on the Saltoro Ridge before any
demilitarisation could be conducted. The Indian Army says that, without
authentication on signed map sheets, its hard-won high ground on the Saltoro
Ridge could be occupied by Pakistan with impunity. As a result, the
13th Round of Siachen Talks between the two countries’ defence
secretaries in June this year adjourned without making any headway towards
settling the Siachen dispute. No dates have yet been fixed for the next round of
discussions.
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