Ajai
Shukla
Business Standard, 16th Nov 12
Business Standard, 16th Nov 12
At the end of the week-long
18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping ---
probably China’s president and Party head for the next ten years --- led seven
men onto the crimson dais of the Great Hall of the People. This chosen group
will comprise the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), the pinnacle of political
power in the People’s Republic of China.
Xi’s elevation to party chief
was on the cards, but a surprise development was his immediate appointment as
head of the Central Military Commission, which oversees the influential People’s
Liberation Army (PLA). Outgoing party chief, Hu Jintao, had been expected to
continue as CMC head for two more years before handing over to Xi. Now Xi, who
will oversee China’s security, will not have to look over his
shoulder.
Behind Xi was Li Keqiang, who
is expected to succeed Wen Jiabao as premier early next year. Li is from the
“populist” political grouping, dubbed the “tuanpai”, which traditionally upholds the interests of farmers, migrant
workers and the urban poor. Xi belongs to the “elitist” grouping, dominated by
so-called princelings (descendents of powerful party elites), with careers in
economic management rather than the rural areas that the “tuanpai” focus on. The
PSC has traditionally featured members of both groups, under the slogan “one
party, two coalitions.”
Following Li, in third place,
was Zhang Dejiang, the party fire fighter who was sent to Chongqing to clean up
after the spectacular downfall of Bo Xilai, and his wife’s arrest and sentencing
for murder. As the third-ranked leader, Zhang will chair the National People’s
Congress, China’s nominal parliament.
Addressing the delegates, Xi
identified intra-party corruption and “bureaucratism” as “severe challenges” for
the Party. “We must make every effort to solve these problems. The whole Party
must stay on full alert,” said Xi.
But the PSC’s composition did
little to suggest that reform was in the offing. The party’s two most prominent
reformers --- Li Yuanchao and Wang Yang --- who were watched closely as
bellwethers of party intentions, have been left out of the
PSC.
A surprise big winner in the
behind-the-scenes jostling for control of power is former President Jiang Zemin,
now 86, who was critically ill last year and written off by many as a seriously
power player. Four of Jiang’s protégés --- Zhang Dejiang; Yu Zhengsheng; Wang
Qishan, and Zhang Gaoli --- have made it to the PSC, leaving him with greater
power over China’s future direction than outgoing chairman, Hu
Jintao.
But Jiang’s protégés might
remain in a majority only for the next five years. In the 2017, five of the PSC
members, including all four Jiang protégés, would reach retirement age. In
contrast, both Hu’s allies seem set to continue after
2017.
Jiang, an unapologetic
economic reformer who had brought China into the World Trade Organisation and
built a strong economic relationship with the west, has apparently criticized
the current fourth generation of leaders --- Hu and Wen --- for backtracking on
economic reform and, thereby, slowing China’s
growth.
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